In the 1970s and 1980s hobo numbers were augmented by returning Vietnam War veterans, many of whom were disillusioned with settled society. This, in combination with increased postwar prosperity, led to a decline in the number of hoboes. Īround the end of World War II, railroads began to transition from steam to diesel locomotives, making jumping freight trains more difficult. When freezer cars were loaded at an ice factory, any hobo inside was likely to be killed. It was easy to be trapped between cars, and one could freeze to death in cold weather. Davies, author of The Autobiography of a Super-Tramp, lost a foot when he fell under the wheels when trying to jump aboard a train. Moreover, riding on a freight train is dangerous in itself.
#Hobo international plus
In addition to the problems of being itinerant, poor, and far from home and support, plus the hostility of many train crews, they faced the railroads' security staff, nicknamed "bulls", who had a reputation of violence against trespassers.
#Hobo international for free
With no work and no prospects at home, many decided to travel for free by freight train and try their luck elsewhere. The number of hoboes increased greatly during the Great Depression era of the 1930s. His article "What Tramps Cost Nation" was published by The New York Telegraph in 1911, when he estimated the number had surged to 700,000. In 1906, Professor Layal Shafee, after an exhaustive study, put the number of tramps in the United States at about 500,000 (about 0.6% of the US population at the time). Others looking for work on the American frontier followed the railways west aboard freight trains in the late 19th century. With the end of the American Civil War in the 1860s, many discharged veterans returning home began hopping freight trains. While drifters have always existed, it is unclear exactly when hoboes first appeared on the American railroading scene. Two men riding underneath a freight train, 1894 Lower than either is the bum, who neither works nor travels, save when impelled to motion by the police. A tramp never works if it can be avoided he simply travels. A hobo or bo is simply a migratory laborer he may take some longish holidays, but soon or late he returns to work. Tramps and hobos are commonly lumped together, but in their own sight they are sharply differentiated. Mencken, in his The American Language (4th ed., 1937), wrote:
It could also come from the words "homeless boy" or "homeless Bohemian". Bill Bryson suggests in Made in America (1998) that it could either come from the railroad greeting, "Ho, beau!" or a syllabic abbreviation of "homeward bound". Liberman points out that many folk etymologies fail to answer the question: "Why did the word become widely known in California (just there) by the early Nineties (just then)?" Author Todd DePastino notes that some have said that it derives from the term "hoe-boy", coming from the hoe they are using and meaning "farmhand", or a greeting such as "Ho, boy", but that he does not find these to be convincing explanations. The term has also been dated to 1889 in the Western-probably Northwestern- United States, and to 1888. According to etymologist Anatoly Liberman, the only certain detail about its origin is the word was first noticed in American English circa 1890.
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